What does “free exercise thereof” mean?

Amendment I
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

Here is the “free exercise thereof” explained:

all religions

I am not sure it’s that simple BUT it is a cute photo.   How do we reconcile it when the religious views clash?

 

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